Water and the Fitness of the Environment
Campbell Chapter 3

1. Describe cohesion, adhesion, and surface tension.

2. Explain the importance of each to biological systems.

3. How does water's surface tension compare to most other molecules?

4. What is a calorie?

5. If a gram of water at sea level is heated from 5^oC to 23^oC, how much heat would be absorbed by the water?

6. Define specific heat.

7. What is the value of the specific heat of water to life?

8. What is the value of the heat of vaporization of water?

9. Describe evaporative cooling

10. At what temperature does water posses the greatest density?

11. Why does ice float?

12. What significance does this have for organisms?

13. What is the meaning of the terms hydrophobic and hydrophilic?

14. What types of molecules are usually hydrophobic? hydrophillic?

15. Explain the term "mole" and explain why it is useful.

16. What does the term molarity describe?

17. Describe, in detail, how you would make a 1 molar solution of sodium chloride.

18. What is dissociation?

19. What is the relationship between disassociation and the concept of acids and bases?

20. What is the pH scale used for and how does it work?

21. Exactly define the number of hydrogen and hydroxide ions at pH 6.

22. What are these values at pH 8?

23. Explain how buffers function.