Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy
Campbell Chapter 9

1. Describe the ways in which ATP can be used to perform cell work.

2. Explain the difference between oxidation and reduction reactions. Be sure to mention the changes in energy that accompany these reactions.

3. Illustrate the reaction performed by dehydrogenase enzymes.

4. What is the role played by NAD+ in cellular respiration?

5. Where do glycolytic reactions occur?

6. Name the starting molecule and end product of glycolysis.

7. What molecule supplies activation energy for glycolysis? Why is glucose activated?

8. What is the net ATP yield of glycolysis?

9. At what product is glycolysis finished?

10. What is meant by substrate level phosphorylation? Give an example.

11. What must be done to pyruvate before the Krebs cycle? For what reasons is this done?

12. Basically, what is happening to the molecules in the Krebs cycle?

13. What are the final products and the waste product?

14. What is the basic purpose of the Krebs cycle?

15. Is the phosphorylation reaction in the Krebs cycle substrate level or oxidative?

16. How is FADH₂ similar to the NADH produced during glycolysis?

17. How is the structure of the mitochondrion suited to its function?

18. As electrons are passed along the ETC they lose energy. Where does this energy go?

19. Where is the electron transport chain gear located?

20. Explain chemiosmosis and the proton-motive force.

21. How many ATP does one completely oxidized glucose molecule produce in a typical eukaryotic cell?

22. What is the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration? What is formed?

23. Describe the control of cellular respiration and state why that control is beneficial.

24. What is the difference between anaerobic respiration and fermentation?

25. What is lactic acid fermentation? alcoholic fermentation? Why are these pathways necessary?

26. Under what conditions can lactate accumulate in vertebrate muscle cells?