From Gene to Protein
Campbell Chapter 16

1. State the purpose of transcription. Briefly describe the process.

2. Why must the genetic code be written in triplets of nucleotides?

3. How many codons does this code allow?

4. Describe the relationship between a DNA triplet, a codon, and an anticodon.

5. What is the evolutionary significance of the genetic code?

6. What is meant by the concept of a "reading frame"?

7. Describe the role played by promoters and transcription factors in transcription.

8. How is the elongation of the new strand accomplished?

9. State the purpose of translation. Briefly describe the process.

10. How are tRNAs hooked up with the correct amino acid?

11. Describe the structure of a ribosome.

12. During translation, how is the reading frame established?

13. Explain the initiation step in translation. Include all the steps.

14. Describe elongation. Include all steps.

15. Describe the way in which the end of translation is signaled.

16. Explain what happens to eukaryotic mRNA during its post-transcriptional modification. Include an explanation of introns and exons. Also include the purpose of both the 5' cap and the poly-A tail.

17. What purpose is served by signal sequences?

18. Name and describe the different point mutations.