Kingdom Plantae

1. What characteristics are shared by all plants?

2. What similarities and differences exist between plants and bacteria?

3. What similarities and differences exist between plants and protists?

4. What similarities and differences exist between plants and fungi?

5. Seaweeds can attain large size without the presence of support tissue while mosses cannot. Explain.

6. Name two plant requirements that were met by vascular tissue.

7. State one difference and one similarity between mosses and ferns.

8. State one difference and one similarity between ferns and seed plants.

9. Why are ferns often described as the evolutionary link between mosses and seed plants?

10. How do seeds of gymnosperms differ from those of angiosperms?

11. Explain how the flower and seed have made angiosperms so successful?

12. Describe the function of each of the main parts of the flower.

13. Ovules mature into ____ and ovaries mature into _____.

14. You are given a variety of flowers and asked to decide which are wind-pollinated and which are animal-pollinated. How would you do it?

15. Grasses often grow in open areas forming large fields. Explain.

16. What are the major functions of fruits?

17. Certain vascular plants, such as water lilies, live in water. Does this mean they are older than ferns?

Answer the following by using the letter X (for xylem) or P (for phloem).

18. ____ transports water

19. ____ is dead at maturity

20. ____ involved in translocation

21. ____ becomes heartwood

22. ____ forms growth rings in wood

23. ____ transports food

24. ____ has an active role in moving sugar through the plant

25. In which parts of the plant would you expect to find meristem tissue?

26. Cork is a tough, waterproof tissue that replaces the epidermis in some plants. Older roots become covered in cork as they mature. Explain. Would you expect both young and old roots to have cascular tissue? Explain.

27. Explain why leaves grown in full sunlight often have thicker cuticles than leaves grown in the shade.

28. What are the functions of stems?

29. How are annual growth rings formed in woody stems?

30. Root hairs are small structures on roots that increase the surface area of the root. Why is it important for root hairs to develop soon after germination?

31. What process causes water to enter root hairs?

32. Explain the transpiration-cohesion-tension theory.

33. If you were able to inject some air bubbles into the xylem vessels of a tree, what would happen?

34. Explain the pressure flow hypothesis.

35. In the ground, ____ moves into the ____ of the plant through ____ by ____ . This movement takes place because the concentration of water in the plant is ____ than the concentration of water in the surrounding soil.

36. During photosynthesis, the leaf serves as a source of ____ that is loaded into ____ (A) . This process requires ____ . As this occurs, the concentration of water in A is ____ , causing ____ to enter A from ____ . The result is that the ____ in A is increased. Then the ____ is pushed along with the _____ through the _____ into the _____ . The sugar molecules produced in the _____ are used to nourish _____ . Some food is also stored in the _____ . In spring, it provides _____ for the upper parts of the plant until _____ are able to produce food.

37. Name the functions of roots.

38. a) The root cap is a protective layer of cells which cover the tip of the root. What is the function of the root cap, and why is it important?

b) There is no such thing as a shoot cap. Why not?

39. Name some ways in which leaves are designed to conserve water.

40. Explain the conflict between photosynthesis and water conservation.

41. How does the flat shape of leaves aid in photosynthesis?