Chapter 11
The Reproduction of Cells

1. Describe the organization of the chromosome. Include the terms centromere, chromatin, sister chromatids.

2. List the phases of the cell cycle, and briefly describe the events in each stage.

3. What is the purpose of mitosis?

4. List the stages of mitosis and summarize the events in each phase.

5. Describe the structure and function of the mitotic spindle.

6. If there are 20 centromeres in a cell, how many chromosomes are there?

7. Explain the process of cytokinesis in animals. How does this process differ in plant cells?

8. Discuss the factors that control cell division. Include growth factors, density-dependent inhibition, restriction point, and regulatory proteins.

9. Describe the nature of cancer cells.

Chapter 12
Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

1. Explain the relationship between genes, DNA and chromosomes.

2. Define homologous chromosome, sex chromosome and autosome.

3. What is a somatic cell? What is the generic term applied to sperm and egg cells?

4. Draw a tetrad. Explain the origin of each chromatid in the tetrad.

5. List and describe the events in meiosis.

6. How do the events of metaphase of mitosis compare to the events in metaphase I of meiosis? Metaphase II?

7. How does meiosis maintain the ploidy level between generations?

8. How many chromosomes do the four daughter cells have after meiosis in comparison to the cell from which they are derived?

9. How many chromatids does each chromosome have in prophase? metaphase? metaphase I of meiosis?

10. What is synapsis? When does it occur?

11. Discuss the ways in which genetic diversity is created through sexual reproduction. Include independent assortment, crossing over and random fertilization.

12. What is the connection between genetic diversity and evolution?