Macromolecules

1. Draw the functional groups for alcohols, carboxylic acids, and amines.

2. Most carbohydrates eaten by humans are in which two forms?

3. What is the function of starch and glycogen?

4. What process splits polysaccharides into monosaccharides?

5. The formation of a disaccharide from two monosaccharides is a reaction called .

6. Which common polysaccharide cannot be used by humans as an energy source? Explain.

7. Which one of the following molecules is a disaccharide

a) cellulose (b) glycogen (c) maltose (d) amylase

8. Foods that we call fibre contain large amounts of _________, a polysaccharide.

9. Why is fibre considered to be an important part of a healthy diet?

10. Name the building blocks of triglycerides.

11. How does the structure of an unsaturated fatty acid differ from the structure of a saturated fatty acid? Give an example of a food that contains each.

12. Explain why some fatty acids are solid at room temperature while others are liquid.

13. Why are animal fats solid while plant fats are liquid?

14. When you consume more food than you need for energy, the excess is stored in the form of lipids. Why are lipids particularly useful for this purpose?

15. What property do all lipids share? How does this make them ideal for building cell membranes?

16. Saturated is to single bond as _______ is to double bond.

17. Describe the functions of lipids in cells.

18. Why is a protein called a polypeptide?

19. Explain how the 3-dimensional shape of proteins is formed.

20. Explain the difference between a dipeptide, polypeptide, and a protein.

21. A peptide bond is always formed between the ____ group of one _____ and the _____ group of the next.

22. Using a structural formula diagram, show how a peptide bond is formed between two amino acids.

23. Discuss one type of interaction that can occur between the R groups of an amino acid sequence.

24. What makes one amino acid differ from another?

25. How does having different R groups make amino acids ideal building blocks for proteins?

26. Why are some amino acids soluble in water while others are not?

27. Name three functions of proteins in a living organism.

28. Which of these things is not like the others?

a) fiber (b) sugar (c) starch (d) cellulose (e) fat

29. Which elements are found in proteins but in neither carbohydrates nor lipids. Which element is found in nucleic acids but in neither carbohydrates nor proteins?

30. Name the basic building blocks for each of the following molecules:

a) Protein _____ (b) Triglyceride _____ (c) Carbohydrate _____ (d) Nucleic acids _____ (e) phospholipids _____

31. Proteins are to amino acids as polysaccharides are to .

32. What are the three components of the building blocks of nucleic acids?