The Evolution of Populations
Campbell Chapter 21

1. State the difference between a population and a species.

2. State the difference between the terms gene pool and genetic structure.

3. Write the Hardy-Weinberg equation and explain how it can used.

4. What is Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

5. Explain each of the five conditions which must be met for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium to be maintained?

6. Define microevolution and explain how each of its five causes contribute to it.

7. Explain both the bottleneck effect and the founder effect.

8. What are the genotypic and phenotypic results of inbreeding?

9. What is meant by assortive mating? What is its effect on microevolution? Do humans display assortive mating?

10. Explain the two ways by which genetic variation be generated.

11. Each of the following is a means by which genetic variation can be maintained: diploidy, heterozygote advantage, hybrid vigor, frequency-dependant selection. Explain each.

12. Define Darwinian fitness and relative fitness.

13. Identify the fallacy in referring to natural selection as "survival of the fittest," and why we should, instead, refer to Darwinian fitness or relative fitness.

14. Does selection act on an organism's genotype or phenotype?

15. How are maladaptive alleles preserved in the gene pool?

16. Explain stabilizing, directional, and diversifying selection and give an example of conditions under which each might occur.

17. What is sexual selection? What is its effect on microevolution? Do humans practice sexual selection?

18. Explain the error in thinking of evolution as fashioning "perfect" organisms. What determines whether a trait will increase or decrease in a population?